The Mekong basin is one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. Only the Amazon boasts a higher level of biodiversity. Biota estimates for the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) include 20,000 plant species, 430 mammals, 1,200 birds, 800 reptiles and amphibians and an estimated 850 fish species
The Greater Mekong can be divided into two parts: the Upper Basin in Tibet and China, and the Lower Mekong Basin from Yunnan downstream from China to the South China Sea. The Upper Basin makes up 24 per cent of the total area and contributes 15 to 20 per cent of the water that flows into the Mekong River.
The Mekong rises in the Three Rivers Area Tibetan Plateau in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve as the Lancang, together with the Yangtze and Salween Rivers. It flows southwest through Yunnan Province through the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas in the Hengduan Mountains.
In English the river is called the Mekong River, derived from Mae Nam Khong, a term of both Thai and Lao origin. In the Lao-Thai toponymy, all great rivers are considered mother rivers signaled by the prefix mae, meaning mother, and nam for water. In the Mekongs case, Mae Nam Khong means Khong, Mother of Water.
Stretching roughly 2,600 miles (4,184 kilometers) from Tibet to the South China Sea, the sinuous Mekong is the thread that connects Indochinas diverse cultures. It flows through six nations—China, Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam—and with more than 1,200, it has the third highest diversity of fish species in the world.