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彝族腌菜


  云南鹤庆山区的彝族善于用山茅野菜腌制咸菜,不仅花色品种繁多,味美可口;而且,每道菜食就是一剂治病疗疾的良药。每进农历十月,是人们采挖和腌制菜食的“黄金时期”。是时,满山遍野是采挖山菜的人,笑语欢歌遍山野,宛若赶庙会。世代沿袭,人们称作腌菜节。


  十月十日,是腌菜节的热潮。这天,人们要在山上聚会。集体举办“唱菜”和“吃奇”活动。“唱菜”,就是对唱山歌,以对歌的形式,一问一答,介绍山菜的品目、制作腌制方法、色味特点及保健、药用价值……“唱菜”完毕,各户任选一种“菜品”现场腌制,作为献给众人品尝的节日菜食。


  “吃奇”,即集体会餐,共同品尝各户腌制的奇菜美味。其间“春菜”和“八宝”饭,是必不可少的“节食”。“春菜”即将洗净的鱼腥菜、花椒尖、山韭菜根、萝卜丝、山楂果片、葛根片、橄榄、石花菜、嫩蕨菜、青辣椒、姜丝、木爪片等加食盐在木臼中用杵棒捣细,蘸麻油、核桃仙茸、杨梅酱兑木爪醋的蘸水吃。其味鲜香无比,吃后有清热、解毒、消肿、健胃和治疗泌尿系统感染、扁桃腺炎、肺炎、肝炎及美容的药效。“八宝”饭是糯米、苞谷粒、燕麦、荞面配松籽仁、大枣、板栗混焖的饭,拌蜂蜜而食。这道饭食由八种食物组合,不仅风味独特,而且有安神、补气、美容、延年益寿之功,故称“八宝”饭。


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